Why vomiting in older cats matters
Frequent vomiting in an older cat should not be written off as “just old age” or hairballs. Vets generally treat it as a sign that something may be wrong, because several diseases that become more common with age can cause vomiting. Early veterinary attention often gives more treatment options, so it is better to call sooner than later.
Possible causes
Only a vet can tell which of these applies, and more than one condition can be present.
- Kidney disease. A common condition in older cats that can cause nausea and vomiting, often along with increased thirst and urination.
- Hyperthyroidism. An overactive thyroid can cause weight loss, increased appetite, restlessness and vomiting.
- Diabetes. May cause increased thirst, urination and changes in appetite and weight.
- Liver disease or pancreatitis. These can cause vomiting and loss of appetite.
- Gastrointestinal disease. Inflammatory bowel disease and, less commonly, intestinal cancer can cause ongoing vomiting.
- Dental or mouth problems. Pain in the mouth can affect eating and may contribute to stomach upset. See cat drooling and what healthy cat teeth look like.
- Hairballs and food sensitivities. Possible, but should not be assumed if vomiting is frequent.
- Swallowed objects or toxins. Lilies are especially dangerous to cats; if your cat may have eaten or touched something toxic, call your vet or a poison helpline straight away: ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center, (888) 426-4435, or Pet Poison Helpline, (855) 764-7661. Both are open 24 hours a day and may charge a fee.
- Medication side effects. Tell your vet about any drugs or supplements.
Signs to watch alongside vomiting
- Lethargy or sleeping more than usual
- Reduced appetite, or unusual hunger
- Drinking or urinating more
- Weight loss, or a thin, unkempt coat
- Diarrhoea or constipation
- Bad breath, drooling or dropping food
- Hiding or other behaviour changes
Early kidney problems may be subtle, with increased thirst and weight loss among the possible first signs. Blood and urine tests are how they are usually found.
When to see a vet
For an older cat, book a visit if vomiting happens more than occasionally, or if it comes with any signs above. Seek urgent care for:
- Repeated vomiting or inability to keep water down
- Blood in the vomit
- Not eating for about 24 hours
- Marked weakness or collapse
- Belly pain or swelling
- Possible toxin or foreign object exposure
A lethargic, vomiting senior cat is a reason to call the vet the same day.
What the vet may do
Expect a physical exam, history, and probably blood and urine tests. Your vet may add blood pressure checks, X-rays or ultrasound. Treatment depends on the cause and may include fluids, anti-nausea drugs, diet changes or disease-specific medication. Bring notes on how often your cat vomits, what it looks like, and any changes in thirst, appetite and weight.
How to help at home
- Keep fresh water available and your cat comfortable and warm
- Keep a simple diary of vomiting, appetite and litter box use
- Do not give human medicines
- Do not make big diet changes without asking your vet
- Schedule regular senior checkups
For appearance-based clues, see cat throwing up white foam and cat vomiting green bile. Stress can also play a role in some cats; see can stress make a cat vomit, but rule out illness first.
Frequently asked questions
My cat is lethargic and throwing up. Should I be worried?
Yes, this combination in an older cat warrants prompt veterinary attention.
What are the first signs of kidney failure in cats?
Increased thirst and urination, weight loss, reduced appetite and vomiting are among the signs, but they overlap with other diseases. Testing is needed.
What is the most common cause of death in older cats?
Several age-related diseases, including kidney disease and cancer, are commonly discussed, but figures vary. Regular vet checks are the best way to catch problems early.
Are there home remedies for a vomiting senior cat?
Not reliably. Offer water and call your vet instead of experimenting.